Among numerous reporter molecules, AuNPs have wide applications due to their remarkable optical and physicochemical properties. Here, we have developed a flow-through detection system with biofunctionalized colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNP). 7, 26–29 However, LFIA systems have a higher possibility of the false-negative signal depending on the immobilized analyte concentration compared to the flow-through system. There are numerous reports on rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assay systems for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. The present study reports developing such a rapid POCT antibody test, based on membrane immune-concentration flow-through principle, for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG detection. 24, 25 These limitations call for an urgent need for easy and affordable rapid point-of-care testing (POCT). 20 Except for rapid tests, all assay systems require infrastructure, longer testing time, and qualified staff to conduct the tests and interpret the results, rendering these assays inadequate when a large number of testing are required immediately. The widely used tests for serology-based diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), automated chemiluminescence assay (CLIA), neutralization assay, and rapid immunoassay. 13, 15–19 Other than assessing risk and prevalence, serology testing is vital for contact tracing, detecting immune response against the virus, identifying potential plasma donors, in some instances to be used in adjunct with a molecular diagnosis, and evaluating the success of vaccination program in place. WHO recommends systemic serosurveys to determine the whole disease spectrum implemented by many countries around the world. 11, 12 Moreover, amidst mass COVID-19 vaccination, it is essential to monitor the antibody dynamics for COVID-19 containment. 10 These hinder these tests’ usefulness and make the epidemiological evaluation of the disease complex. 8, 9 In addition, many COVID-19 victims are asymptomatic with a viral load lower than symptomatic individuals. 7 While nucleic acid and antigen-based tests can detect active infection, low viral load, and variation in test sensitivity issues increase the risk of false-negative results, limiting their use. 6 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing emergency use authorization (EUA) for different categories of in vitro diagnostic tests to increase testing capacity. 5 Early diagnosis is critical for successfully containing this contagious outbreak. 4 Ongoing research has emphasized finding therapeutic interventions and preventive vaccination, with limited success. SARS-CoV-2 has a higher transmission rate than the previous two coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Despite these preventive measures, the disease surges across countries, with more than 170 million confirmed cases with around 3.7 million deaths to date (June 9, 2021). 2 To combat the virus’s spread, affected countries have adopted numerous public health measures such as isolation, quarantine, regional lockdown, social distancing, restriction on people’s movement, and limiting local and international traveling. 1 The World Health Organization (WHO) termed the infection COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), which has now spread beyond China and has become a full-blown pandemic. A newly discovered coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggered the pneumonia outbreak in China’s Hubei province in December 2019.
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